Circadian Rhythm & Melatonin Simulator (3-Day Cycle)

The Intent of the Patent: Promote Low Doses

MIT’s 1995 patent (by Dr. Richard Wurtman) advocated for low doses of 0.1–1.0 mg, aiming to mimic natural nighttime melatonin peaks. These doses were shown to be effective at inducing sleep while potentially avoiding side effects associated with higher doses like grogginess, desensitization, and hormonal suppression.

Why High Doses Became Common:

• Patent Restrictions: The method of using low doses was patented. To avoid infringement, companies marketed higher doses (3–10 mg) which fell outside the patent.
• Consumer Psychology: A "more is better" assumption, coupled with no FDA regulation on melatonin dosage in the U.S., pushed higher doses.

The Irony: Studies now suggest that higher doses are often no more effective and may lead to tolerance or morning drowsiness by overloading receptors and lingering too long. Dr. Wurtman himself noted that if melatonin were regulated like a drug, much of what's sold would likely be considered off-label or problematic.

After Patent Expiry (2013+): Low-dose melatonin (0.3 mg – 1 mg) has seen a modest resurgence, but higher doses remain prevalent due to established consumer habits.

This simulation attempts to illustrate how different doses compare to natural melatonin levels.